COP31 President Murat Kurum opened the U.N. climate summit in Turkey by urging countries to pledge clean public transport, energy-efficient buildings and affordable power. Turkey and Australia are pushing a 35-by-35 pledge to raise global electricity use from 21% to 35% by 2035. But environmental and human rights groups warn the mining boom needed for that transition could harm communities as well as ecosystems. They are calling for binding safeguards, recycling and protections for Indigenous peoples built into the global electrification plan.