Russia and Vietnam have developed a mechanism to conceal arms deal payments to avoid American and other Western sanctions, using profits from joint energy-sector ventures to pay for defense contracts, according to internal Vietnamese documents obtained by The Associated Press. The arrangement’s use could damage Vietnam’s burgeoning ties with the United States, especially under a president who uses the threat of sanctions routinely as a bargaining tool, and with the European Union, which recently added a raft of new measures to pressure Russian President Vladimir Putin to end his war against Ukraine.

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FILE - A home sits near the Gen. James Gavin Power Plant, a coal-fired power plant, April 14, 2025, in Point Pleasant, W.Va. (AP Photo/Joshua A. Bickel, File)

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FILE - A bulldozer moves coal April 10, 2025, in Princeton, Ind. (AP Photo/Joshua A. Bickel, File)

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FILE - The Warrick Power Plant, a coal-powered generating station, operates April 8, 2025, in Newburgh, Ind. (AP Photo/Joshua A. Bickel, File)