As the Iran war widens, experts say the Middle East’s real strategic weak point may be water — not oil. Much of the Gulf’s drinking supply comes from desalination plants clustered along vulnerable coastlines within easy range of Iranian missiles and drones. Many of the individual plants supply water to millions of people. Without them, major cities could not sustain their current populations. In recent days, Iranian drones struck an energy facility that powers a desalination plant in the United Arab Emirates and sparked a fire at a desalination plant in Kuwait. Oil spills, contamination and sabatoge also could disrupt supplies of the freshwater that also sustains hotels, industry and some agriculture.

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FILE - A pipe carrying drinking water runs through the Carlsbad desalination plant in Carlsbad, Calif., Dec. 2, 2025. (AP Photo/Annika Hammerschlag, File)